Other Sources of Information

"Early Temperance Society"
New York Times
October 28, 1900
http://hn.bigchalk.com/hnweb/hn/do/document?set=search&lastset=&rendition=x-article-image&start=1&inmylist=&urn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-article-image%3B102620858&pagemapurn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-pagemap%3B102620858&pageimageurn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-pcpage-image%3B102620858&mylisturn=urn:proquest:US;PQDOC;HNP;PQD;HNP;PROD;x-pagemap;102620858&pdfurn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-article-image%3B102620858&abstracturn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-abstract%3B102620858&returnpage=document&doframe=1

"The Woman's Christian Temperance Union in the Pacific Northwest: The Battle for Cultural Control"
http://www.jstor.org/stable/40491692?seq=3&Search=yes&searchText=Temperance&searchText=Movement&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DTemperance%2BMovement%26acc%3Doff%26wc%3Don&prevSearch=&item=14&ttl=16048&returnArticleService=showFullText&resultsServiceName=null

"Chronology of Prohibition"
New York Times
January 11, 1920
http://hn.bigchalk.com/hnweb/hn/do/document?set=search&start=1&rendition=x-article-image&inmylist=false&urn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-article-image%3B102737112&mylisturn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-citation%3B102737112

"Hear Talks on Alcohol"
Chicago Daily Tribune
March 2, 1900
http://hn.bigchalk.com/hnweb/hn/do/document?set=search&start=1&rendition=x-article-image&inmylist=false&urn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-article-image%3B421838021&mylisturn=urn%3Aproquest%3AUS%3BPQDOC%3BHNP%3BPQD%3BHNP%3BPROD%3Bx-citation%3B421838021


"Report of the Executive Committee of the American Temperance Union, [16th], 1852"
http://www.jstor.org/stable/60100174?seq=4&Search=yes&searchText=Temperance&searchText=Movement&list=hide&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3DTemperance%2BMovement%26acc%3Don%26wc%3Don&prevSearch=&item=2&ttl=15340&returnArticleService=showFullText&resultsServiceName=null

Prohibiton
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/275752?terms=prohibition

Eighteenth Amendment
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/254212?terms=prohibition

"Actually, Prohibition Was a Success"
http://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/16/opinion/actually-prohibition-was-a-success.html

My Research Question

I am studying the Temperance Movement because I want to find out how the movement influenced soceity's view of women, in order to understand how society's view of women has changed over time, and whether it was a positive or a negative change.

So my research question is: Did the Temperance Movement have a positive or a negative effect on society's view of women?

Questions I still have about the Temperance Movement

I must say, I have learned a lot so far about the Temperance Movement and the main group that comprised the movement (the WCTU), as well a key individual within the movement (Frances Willard). I still feel like there is so much more to learn and know about the movement, such as the other key individuals, or different organizations that took part in the movement. But I guess the main thing that I feel like I am still missing is how the movement applies to the overall topic of women. Clearly it applies to women because women were at the forefront of the movement, but there should be something more like, How did the Temperance Movement influence society in how it views the role of women? How is it related to other movements of the time? What did other people think of the movement? How were women perceived differently because of this movement? Oh, so much left unanswered...

Frances Willard

Frances Willard was the founder of the national Woman's Christian Temperance Union and was its president until her death. Willard was an educator and later became the dean of women at Northwestern University. She helped to organize the Association for the Advancement of Women, for women who thought that sufferage was too extreme. After leaving Northwestern in 1874, Willard became president of the Chicago Woman's Temperance Union, and later the secretary of the Illinois temperance association. She and other Midwestern temperance leaders joined together in late 1874 to form the national WCTU, and she was chosen recording secretary of it. Willard made temperance her life's work, but she was soon at odds with conservatives, as she wanted to push for women's suffrage. Willard urged the WTCU to promote a variety of reform causes, and separate departments were organized. Frances Willard is one of the most important people of the Temperance Movement.
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1187225?sid=248176&webSiteCode=SLN_AMHIST&returnToPage=%2fTopics%2fDisplay%2f1187225%3fsid%3d248176&cid=26&oid=256042&useConcept=False&token=813B1E9D2F9B7496900F11FD5BA89A05&casError=False

Woman's Christian Temperance Union

The Woman's Christian Temperance Union, or the WCTU, was formed in 1874, and it became the largest organization for women in the world. Its goal was to form an orderly, Christian society, and it saw alcohol as its primary hindrance. The WCTU saw that alcohol caused a lot of problems in society, so naturally, it wanted to ban it. Women were a huge part of the Temperance Movement as a whole, mainly because they saw the how it had a negative impact on their families and keeping their home safe. Although women were supposed to be homemakers, the WCTU encouraged women to go outside their homes to fight alcohol, thought they did not initially advocate equality or women's rights. The goal of venturing outside the home was for the sole purpose of protecting the home. Later on, the WCTU pushed for national Prohibition, and it was eventually successful with the addition of the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1187225?sid=253626&cid=26&oid=256042&useConcept=False

"Constitution and Plan of Work for a Local Woman's Christian Temperance Union"

This primary document is a constitution and plan of work for a local Woman's Christian Temperance Union chapter, one from 1874, and another from 1883, illustrating the progress that they had made over the course of nine years. The ultimate goal of the W.C.T.U. was to have alcohol banned, but in the mean time, their goal was to spread the word of temperance, encouraging people to completely abstain from all alcohol or intoxicating substances. The constitution of this chapter of the W.C.T.U. states that its object is "to educate public sentiment up to the level of total abstinence, to train the young, reform and save the inebriate, and hasten the time when the dram-shops shall be banished from the streets by law." The union valued education fo the young, realizing that it was the future of temperance, of abstaining from alcohol. In order to join that particular union, people had to sign a pledge of total abstinence and paying fifty cents a year. Members were to go out and try to get others to pledge as well, even if only for a short amount of time. They were also to spread the word, getting information into newspapers, with the ultimate object of making alcohol illegal.
http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail?vid=4&hid=113&sid=43e969da-0f95-44dd-898b-75c57a22f7d6%40sessionmgr14&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=f5h&AN=21213085

Temperance Movement Overview

The Temperance Movement was popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries, with the goal of controlling, limiting, or banning the use of alcohol. There were a lot of different groups that made up this movement, each with slightly different goals. Women were mainly at the forefront of the movement, as they tended to be the victims of alcohol and the abuse that went along with it. The movement spread to the majority of the states by the mid-1800s, and it was a powerful force in the creation of the Eighteenth Amendment, the banning of alcohol in the United States. That is when the movement ended, for its ultimate goal was achieved.
http://americanhistory.abc-clio.com/Topics/Display/1187225?sid=256042&cid=26&oid=256042&useConcept=False